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2012年9月28日 星期五

領有錢職 不見得稱職 榮譽職 不見得沒錢路


林中森接董事長 無給變月領30萬// 立委批海基會量身自肥

海基會董事長江丙坤(右二)昨日卸下董事長職務離開海基會,新任董事長林中森(右)親自為江丙坤送行。(記者朱沛雄攝)
陸委會預算 民進黨嚴把關
〔記 者陳慧萍、陳璟民、林恕暉、邱燕玲/台北報導〕海基會昨舉行董監事會議,選出新任董事長林中森,完成改組,同時通過修改組織章程,將原本「無給職」的董事 長改成「得為有給職」,副董事長及董事則維持無給職。立法院民進黨團抨擊,海基會因人設事修改章程,「自肥案顯然是為林中森量身訂作」,黨團立委將嚴審陸 委會預算,並督促陸委會不能同意此案。
海基會董監事會議通過修改章程案後,必須函報陸委會核定,才能進行後續變更登記等手續;陸委會副主委劉德勳表示,主管機關一般都會尊重財團法人的決議。外界關注林中森未來可領多少薪水,劉德勳說,將比照行政院所訂標準及相關流程辦理。
月領30萬 相當院長級待遇
民進黨立委陳其邁說,海基會副董事長高孔廉兼秘書長,月薪廿三萬五千元,估計林中森的月薪約卅萬元,年薪約四百卅五萬元,相較於經濟成長率探底、失業率飆高,林中森「薪水步步高升,吃相難看」。
根據行政院人事行政總處資料,月薪卅萬元已接近五院院長(月薪卅二萬三四九○元)水準,海基會董事長可說是「院長級」待遇。
由於先前海基會董事長是無給職,海基會並未編列薪資預算。海基會發言人馬紹章昨表示,林中森的薪資將先以海基會自籌款因應,明年再爭取編列預算。
海基會:改有給 建立制度
馬紹章並說,歷任董事長都是無給職,但近年兩岸交流頻繁,業務急劇成長,江丙坤雖維持無給職,不過工作量已屬專職,這種情形不應是常態;海基會提章程修正案,是要建立長久制度,絕非酬庸自肥。
劉德勳說,馬總統曾建議改為有給職,但江丙坤認為不宜在自己任內推動,才會在江卸任時處理。
林中森則表示,感謝江丙坤在最後一次主持董監事會議時,通過修改章程,未來不管誰當董事長,都可以專職專任,「不用去發展政商關係」;國家給他多少待遇,他就應該付出多少貢獻,未來將全力以赴。
立委質疑 破壞海基會傳統
海基會董監事會議昨另有人提出建議,推舉江丙坤為名譽董事長,並列入會議紀錄。劉德勳說,此議僅屬建議階段,要等海基會董監事會議有正式提案,通過後才會送陸委會核定。
民進黨立委陳其邁、姚文智等人昨在立法院召開「海基會濫權自肥」記者會,質疑林中森破壞海基會傳統,將創董事長坐領高薪先例。姚文智抨擊,馬政府對勞工錙銖必較,基本工資連多一個茶葉蛋的錢都不給,但與執政集團相關者的利益卻都毫不避諱猛撈。
據了解,林中森於九十八年三月由內政部常務次長轉任政務次長時辦理公務員退休,公務員年資達卅八年,估算他每月可領取的月退俸加上十八%優存利息,每月約可支領九萬多元。
林中森之後升任行政院秘書長,今年初轉任國民黨秘書長之後,並依法一次支領他在政務職任內的政務人員離職儲金;而在他就任有給職的海基會董事長後,依法將暫停領取月退及十八%。至於林過去每月領取的金額,銓敘部退撫司長呂明泰昨表示,這是個人隱私,銓敘部不能透露。

共產黨是中國的上帝 我們8000萬人利用它有何不可


共產黨是中國的上帝 我們8000萬人利用它有何不可


Staff members walk past the communist hammer and sickle emblem at the press center for the 17th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, in Beijing Wednesday Oct. 10, 2007Photo:  (ddp images/AP Photo/Greg Baker)

Politics

China's young Communists in it for the glory

With over 80 million members, China's Communist Party is the largest in the world. But its young members are more interested in helping their own reputation than the teachings of Marx and Mao.
The young, thin woman with long black hair doesn't wish to be named or share at which state-owned company she works at in Beijing out of fear for the repercussions of talking to the press without permission. Still, she is proud. Proud that she has been a member of the Communist Party for three years.
"Maybe I was only chosen because I studied international politics; everyone around me wants to join the party," she said.
But not everyone is invited to the party. China's Communist Party only wants the best. Whoever wants to join must have excellent grades. They have to fill out an application, take preparation courses and pass an entrance examination. Those accepted are put on a probationary period and have to write reports on self-reflections every three months. Then they must also swear an oath of loyalty to the party. Why bother with all the trouble?

Mao Zedong proclaims the founding of the People's Republic of China on October 1, 1949 Photo: dpa (zu dpa 1067 - nur s/w) Not many young members are interested in Mao's doctrines
"It can help in your career," the woman said. "If you can write down under 'political status' that you are a party member, then it means you think positively and that you are active. It makes a good impression."

Stepping stone
Many young Chinese see the party as stepping stone for their career. They study for the entrance exam like they would study for an important test at school. They stay up round the clock memorizing dates and facts to pass the exam. Afterward they can forget everything they studied, because in daily life, the party has no real meaning, according to some young Communists. But not all think that way.
"I still feel honored. I feel like I am different from other people. I am on a higher level. I have more progressive thoughts than normal people," said a 31-year-old woman who became a party member eight years ago and also works in a state-owned company.

China's former Chongqing Municipality Communist Party Secretary Bo Xilai (L) and former Deputy Mayor of Chongqing Wang Lijun (R) Photo: REUTERS/Stringer/Files The scandal involving Bo Xilai and Wang Lijun brought to light corruption in the party
Many people see the party as an elite club or as the forefront of the Chinese nation. That is why the party maintains an exclusive acceptance policy. It recruits the future leadership of the country. It wants to attract young, modern and trendy people - people who own middle-class cars and their own apartments.
"Normally we read the speeches of the party leaders and discuss them. Our instructor then recaps what we talk about and shows us the mistakes in our thought processes. He teaches us how to think correctly," the party member explained.
Moral authority?

The party also acts as a guiding light and moral authority. At least that's what it says it does. The fact that the party has been failing somewhat in that degree is known to party leaders - because abuse of authority is something the common Chinese cares about.

"There is too much corruption, too much bribery. The more power a person has, the more corruption and graft there will be," one person said.
Many said they believe the upcoming 18th Party Congress will do little to change all of that. The change in the party's leadership does not really matter to them; people are in the party for pragmatic reasons, not out of conviction. But that's not something that will not be talked about in the party meeting.

台灣廠商應多用心美國的商法


Depo Auto Parts Ind. Co Ltd

Taiwan Manufacturing Company Executive Pleads Guilty to Price Fixing



(Source: FBI) - WASHINGTON—The vice chairman and second-highest ranking officer of a Taiwan aftermarket auto lights manufacturer pleaded guilty today for his participation in an international conspiracy to fix the prices of aftermarket auto lights, the Department of Justice announced. Aftermarket auto lights are incorporated into an automobile after its original sale, often as repairs following a collision or as accessories and upgrades.
Homy Hong-Ming Hsu was arrested on July 12, 2011, at Los Angeles International Airport and indicted for his participation in the conspiracy. According to a one-count felony superseding indictment filed the in U.S. District Court in San Francisco on November 30, 2011, Hsu conspired with others to suppress and eliminate competition by fixing the prices of aftermarket auto lights. The department said that Hsu, vice chairman of Eagle Eyes Traffic Industrial Co. Ltd., participated in the conspiracy from as early as November 2001 until about September 2008. Eagle Eyes, its U.S. subsidiary E-Lite Automotive Inc., and Eagle Eyes’ highest-ranking officer, Chairman Yu-Chu Lin, aka David Lin, were also indicted for their participation in the conspiracy. Trial for Eagle Eyes and E-Lite is scheduled to begin on October 29, 2012.
According to the indictment, Hsu and co-conspirators participated in a conspiracy in which the participants met and agreed to charge prices of aftermarket auto lights according to jointly determined formulas. The participants in the conspiracy issued price announcements to customers in accordance with the jointly determined price structure and collected and exchanged information on prices for the purpose of monitoring and enforcing adherence to the conspiracy. The department said that the conspirators held meetings in Taiwan and the United States.
“The Antitrust Division will continue to crack international price fixing cartels that harm American businesses and consumers,” said Joseph Wayland, Acting Assistant Attorney General in charge of the Department of Justice’s Antitrust Division. “Four corporations and five executives have been charged as a result of the Antitrust Division’s investigation into price fixing in the aftermarket auto lights industry.”
Of the five individuals, three have already pleaded guilty. Shiu-Min Hsu, the former chairman of Depo Auto Parts Industrial Co. Ltd, a Taiwan manufacturer of aftermarket auto lights, pleaded guilty on March 20, 2012, and is scheduled to be sentenced on January 8, 2013. Polo Shu-Sheng Hsu, the highest-ranking officer of Maxzone Vehicle Lighting Corp., a U.S. distributor of aftermarket auto lights, pleaded guilty on March 29, 2011, served his sentence of 180 days in prison, and paid a $25,000 criminal fine. Chien Chung Chen, aka Andrew Chen, the former executive vice president of Sabry Lee (U.S.A.) Inc., a second U.S. distributor of aftermarket auto lights, pleaded guilty on June 7, 2011. He is scheduled to be sentenced on January 15, 2013.
In addition, of the four corporations, two have pleaded guilty. On October 4, 2011, Sabry Lee pleaded guilty and was sentenced to pay a $200,000 criminal fine. On November 15, 2011, Maxzone pleaded guilty and was sentenced to pay a $43 million criminal fine.
Hsu is charged with violating the Sherman Act, which carries a maximum penalty of 10 years in prison and a $1 million criminal fine for individuals. The maximum fine may be increased to twice the gain derived from the crime or twice the loss suffered by the victims, if either of those amounts is greater than the statutory maximum fine.
This case is part of an ongoing joint investigation being conducted by the Department of Justice Antitrust Division’s San Francisco Office and the FBI in San Francisco. Anyone with information concerning illegal or anticompetitive conduct in the aftermarket auto lights industry is urged to call the Antitrust Division’s San Francisco Field Office at 415-436-6660 or visit www.justice.gov/atr/contact/newcase.htm.

作為發射台The Launch Pad 的領導者和創業者







 Cape Canaveral was the launching pad for our one national moon shot. It was a hugely inspiring project that drove scientific research, innovation, education and manufacturing. But we’re not going to have a national moon shot again.

Instead, Obama should aspire to make America the launching pad where everyone everywhere should want to come to launch their own moon shot, their own start-up, their own social movement.

The Launching Pad
By THOMAS L. FRIEDMAN
Published: July 21, 2012

Google Seals Its Reputation for Minting Tech Executives
Wall Street Journal
Marissa Mayer's appointment as Yahoo's new CEO cements Google's reputation as a developer and launching pad for tech managers.


 書評:矽谷科技企業的“溫室”作者:英國《金融時報》駐美國舊金山記者蒂姆•布拉德肖字號背景評論打印電郵收藏騰訊微博新浪微博

如果歷史要對目前的矽谷時代做出評價的話,有幾章要獻給Y Combinator。
作為一個由前企業家保羅•格雷厄姆(Paul Graham)一手策劃的初創企業投資和培訓項目,Y Combinator問世的時間正當其時:2005年,當時社交媒體正在興起,創建互聯網公司的成本正在下滑,投資者​​對風險的興趣正在回歸。
2000年,《紐約時報》(New York Times)專欄作家、聖何塞州立大學(San Jose State University)商學教授蘭德爾•斯特羅斯(Randall Stross)出版了一本著作,名為《矽谷教父) (eBoys),描寫的是網絡熱潮期間第一批知名風投公司之一Benchmark Capital的故事。如今,他是第一位用整整3個月時間旁聽Y Combinator“課程”的作家,詳細記錄了格雷厄姆辛苦得來的初創智慧以及作為一個新興企業家生活的起起伏伏。
斯特羅斯將在Y Combinator的經歷比作撰寫一篇研究生學位論文,那是一段學習和活動都很緊張的時期,幾乎沒有正式的結構或課程。
60個團隊是由格雷厄姆從數千名申請者中挑選出來的。如果把它們稱作企業的話,這將表明它們一開始就有著非常完整的產品創意,更別提客戶們正在使用或購買的東西了。他出資1.1萬美元至2萬美元購買每家公司6%至7%的股權,但真正的價值並不來自於他提供的資金,而是來自於他無可匹敵的科技界資深人士和投資者人脈,他們每週會來做餐會演講,也會應要求提供建議。
斯特羅斯將他的這本書命名為《發射台》(The Launch Pad),但Y Combinator幾乎沒有一點飛行甲板的科學精確性。 Y Combinator最初在矽谷的辦公地點位於Pioneer Way,周圍有很多汽車修理店,該公司似乎更像是亨利•福特(Henry Ford)的一條生產線,將作坊式的企業創業工業化。
格雷厄姆相信直覺,並鼓勵他的學員也這樣做,他在人力上的投資要超過對創意的投資。他的投資在一定程度上依賴於統計學概率:少數投資將獲得決定性的成功,例如數字存儲服務公司Dropbox或私人住宿租賃網站Airbnb。這兩家畢業企業在私人市場上獲得了數十億美元的估值,其他幾家企業以數千萬甚至數億美元的價格出售。
格雷厄姆一開始就告訴每個團隊:“你們中的一多半會失敗。”這只是他戳破初創企業美好幻想的很多方法中的一種。這些企業家沒有任何辦公空間,在加入Y Combinator期間,他們都被鼓勵住在附近,儲備大量方便麵並與朋友和家人切斷聯繫。大多數有希望的人都是年輕的男性白人。
這種文化和種族多樣性的缺乏,是斯特羅斯挑戰格雷厄姆及其思維定式的少數領域之一。更具批判性的思維本來會使這本書更出色,特別是在考察Y Combinator的實際回報方面。但財務數據只是寥寥幾頁,因為格雷厄姆“沒有透露”有關投資的“數據”。
於是《發射台》另闢蹊徑,採取線性敘事,跟踪了幾個團隊的發展,從申請一直到“成果展示日”(Demo Day),在這一天,創始人會向外部投資者展示他們的產品。
從學生日常交易網站CampusCred、基於雲技術的數據庫託管服務MongoHQ、歌詞網站Rap Genius或專業服務人士推薦網站Opez——以及格雷厄姆對它們產品、賺錢構想或展示技能的評價當中,大量經得起時間考驗的初創智慧湧現了出來。
斯特羅斯的書中滿是格雷厄姆的格言:“做人們想要的東西”;“迅速推出”;“寫下代碼並與客戶交談”。
即使這本書不是一部關於這段科技初創企業爆炸式發展歷史的權威著作,斯特羅斯至少給我們提供了生動的原始資料。
本文作者是英國《金融時報》駐舊金山記者
譯者/梁艷裳

书评:硅谷科技企业的“温室”

 
如果历史要对目前的硅谷时代做出评价的话,有几章要献给Y Combinator。
作为一个由前企业家保罗•格雷厄姆(Paul Graham)一手策划的初创企业投资和培训项目,Y Combinator问世的时间正当其时:2005年,当时社交媒体正在兴起,创建互联网公司的成本正在下滑,投资者对风险的兴趣正在回归。
2000年,《纽约时报》(New York Times)专栏作家、圣何塞州立大学(San Jose State University)商学教授兰德尔•斯特罗斯(Randall Stross)出版了一本著作,名为《硅谷教父)(eBoys),描写的是网络热潮期间第一批知名风投公司之一Benchmark Capital的故事。如今,他是第一位用整整3个月时间旁听Y Combinator“课程”的作家,详细记录了格雷厄姆辛苦得来的初创智慧以及作为一个新兴企业家生活的起起伏伏。
斯特罗斯将在Y Combinator的经历比作撰写一篇研究生学位论文,那是一段学习和活动都很紧张的时期,几乎没有正式的结构或课程。
60 个团队是由格雷厄姆从数千名申请者中挑选出来的。如果把它们称作企业的话,这将表明它们一开始就有着非常完整的产品创意,更别提客户们正在使用或购买的东 西了。他出资1.1万美元至2万美元购买每家公司6%至7%的股权,但真正的价值并不来自于他提供的资金,而是来自于他无可匹敌的科技界资深人士和投资者 人脉,他们每周会来做餐会演讲,也会应要求提供建议。
斯特罗斯将他的这本书命名为《发射台》(The Launch Pad),但Y Combinator几乎没有一点飞行甲板的科学精确性。Y Combinator最初在硅谷的办公地点位于Pioneer Way,周围有很多汽车修理店,该公司似乎更像是亨利•福特(Henry Ford)的一条生产线,将作坊式的企业创业工业化。
格雷厄姆相信直觉,并鼓励他的学员也这样做,他在人力上的投资要超过对创意的投资。他的投资在一定程度上依赖于统计学概率:少数投资将获得决定性的 成功,例如数字存储服务公司Dropbox或私人住宿租赁网站Airbnb。这两家毕业企业在私人市场上获得了数十亿美元的估值,其他几家企业以数千万甚 至数亿美元的价格出售。
格雷厄姆一开始就告诉每个团队:“你们中的一多半会失败。”这只是他戳破初创企业美好幻想的很多方法中的一种。这些企业家没有任何办公空间,在加入 Y Combinator期间,他们都被鼓励住在附近,储备大量方便面并与朋友和家人切断联系。大多数有希望的人都是年轻的男性白人。
这种文化和种族多样性的缺乏,是斯特罗斯挑战格雷厄姆及其思维定式的少数领域之一。更具批判性的思维本来会使这本书更出色,特别是在考察Y Combinator的实际回报方面。但财务数据只是寥寥几页,因为格雷厄姆“没有透露”有关投资的“数据”。
于是《发射台》另辟蹊径,采取线性叙事,跟踪了几个团队的发展,从申请一直到“成果展示日”(Demo Day),在这一天,创始人会向外部投资者展示他们的产品。
从学生日常交易网站CampusCred、基于云技术的数据库托管服务MongoHQ、歌词网站Rap Genius或专业服务人士推荐网站Opez——以及格雷厄姆对它们产品、赚钱构想或展示技能的评价当中,大量经得起时间考验的初创智慧涌现了出来。
斯特罗斯的书中满是格雷厄姆的格言:“做人们想要的东西”;“迅速推出”;“写下代码并与客户交谈”。
即使这本书不是一部关于这段科技初创企业爆炸式发展历史的权威著作,斯特罗斯至少给我们提供了生动的原始资料。
本文作者是英国《金融时报》驻旧金山记者
译者/梁艳裳

BMW strikes labor deal, creates 3,000 new jobs


Auto Industry

BMW strikes labor deal, creates 3,000 new jobs

German luxury carmaker BMW has reached a deal with labor unions, providing new jobs in exchange for higher flexibility. The new contract ends several months of dispute over the use of temporary staff.
Under the labor contract signed Wednesday, BMW aimed to create approximately 3,000 permanent jobs by the end of 2013, the German luxury carmaker said Thursday.
Labor representatives had agreed to greater flexibility regarding working hours, BMW said, for the company to be able to better cope with peaks in production, as well as dropping demand for cars.
According to the BMW works' council, employees could have their shifts and breaks extended or reduced in line with demand. In addition, working time account models were to be introduced to make labor more flexible, an unidentified council member told German news agency dpa.
The program was called "Contract for Safeguarding Production," the council member added, and would envisage the additional hiring to come primarily from BMW's huge pool of temporary workers.
According to German labor unions, the luxury auto maker was routinely employing up to 12,000 temporary workers in addition to its 70,000 permanent staff. This figure was considerably higher than the number of temporary workers used by BMW's top-of-the-range rivals Daimler and Audi.
Originally, the new contract was due to have been signed in July, but was held up by a fierce dispute between labor and management.
Labor union representatives accused the company of wage dumping, while management claimed temporary work is needed to quickly react to demand fluctuations in car markets.
uhe/ccp (AFP, Reuters)

2012年9月24日 星期一

富士康:好日子也快到头了 勞資糾紛一波波; 太原的工厂 iphone 5

根據《華爾街日報》報導,9月23日星期日晚間太原廠區宿舍內員工發生爭執,結果引發將近2,000人的群毆動亂,持續到星期一早上。有40人因為受傷被送往醫院,另外有數名員工遭到大陸當局逮捕。
《華爾街日報》引述新華社報導指出,總共有5,000名警力被派駐在工廠現場,星期一工廠已暫時關閉。
至於最初員工出現爭執的原因為何,目前仍無法確切得知。有員工向《華爾街日報》透露,是因為從中國其他廠區調來的員工,包括深圳工廠員工,不滿意太原廠的工作環境,希望回到原來的廠區。
另外《金融時報》引述其他員工的說法是,因為保全人員欺負某位員工,與員工來自同鄉的其他員工憤而起身反抗全部來自另一個省份的保全人員。
但是鴻海發言人胡國輝表示,爭執原因和工作無關,純粹是因為來自不同廠區的員工彼此之間起了爭執。
中國當地的勞工團體則認為,緊迫的生產時程,再加上來自外地的員工,更增加了太原廠員工的壓力,衝突自然難以避免。
所有人至今仍記憶猶新,兩年前,富士康深圳工廠爆發員工跳樓自殺事件。隨後富士康調高薪資、派駐心理醫生、改善工時。今年稍早,甚至 開放廠區讓美國公平勞動協會(Fair Labor Association)稽查,原本多達360項勞動問題清單,已有將近三分之二獲得改善。
似乎就要雨過天晴,準備慶賀iPhone 5大賣的同時,卻再度傳出員工動亂事件。這究竟是另一次的偶發事件?又或是冰山的一角?
從2010年至今,兩年過去了,中國經濟的成長率逐年下滑,不論是台商或外資企業,在中國市場的經營壓力愈來愈難以負荷。
《華 爾街日報》便指出,這次的事件也凸顯出中國的台商與外資企業在面臨中國成長趨緩的壓力同時,還得應付員工對於薪資酬勞與工作條件要求更高的難題。長期追蹤 勞工集體活動的中國勞工通訊社統計,今年前8個月類似的勞工暴動事件,平均每個月有29件,遠多於去年同期的平均值11件。
近幾年富士康為了降低成本,逐步將工廠從沿海地區往內陸城市遷移,主要原因便在於可就近僱用廠區附近的當地居民當員工,而不用再像過去設廠在沿海地區時必須僱用大批來自內陸城市的移工,如此一來便可減少宿舍成本以及降低流動率。
然而,10年前受雇、態度柔順的第一代移工,如今也開始積極伸張自己的權利。第二代移工受過更良好的教育,更懂得保護自己的權益。而他們最大的不滿便是低薪與工時過長。企業不得不順應要求調高工資,根據中國統計局的數據顯示,去年中國製造業的平均薪資成長了18.9%。
對 富士康而言,承受壓力更是遠大過其他企業。因為自從2010年員工自殺事件以來,所有人都拿著放大鏡在看,再加上富士康在中國建立了無人能及的龐大生產 線。光是太原廠的員工人數便高達79,000人,相當於福特汽車去年在美國境內的員工總數,但這79,000名員工,僅僅是富士康在全中國超過20個廠 區、總計110萬名員工人的一小部份而已。
上百萬名員工,必須付出的人力成本勢必相當可觀。不過,鴻海發言人胡國輝表示,人力成本目前並非 是鴻海最主要的支出,更迫切的問題是,中國年輕人是否還願意從事辛苦的製造業工作,「我們不可能告訴他們說,製造業工作很有趣。事實上,這些工作既無聊又 辛苦,因此我們必須做出改變,而不是期望員工改變,」這也是為何鴻海正逐步讓某些生產線自動化的原因。然而,改變何其容易,更需要時間。原本好不容易修復的勞資關係與形象,卻因為iPhone 5的推出,再度打亂了陣腳。根據《英國金融》時報報導,隨著iPhone 5的熱賣,快速的上市時程,再加上產品熱賣,產能吃緊的情況下,員工抱怨的情況又開始變得嚴重,包括超時工作或是以實習名義僱用學生擔任生產線員工。(吳 凱琳編譯)

富士康太原工厂骚乱 或影响iPhone5生产

2012/09/24
 

       代工生产美国苹果智能手机“iPhone5”的富士康太原工厂的宿舍在9月23日晚间发生员工骚乱事件。起因是由于是宿舍保安殴打员工,原本24小时运转 的工厂在23日晚间停工。如果生产活动持续停止,不仅对苹果,还可能对提供零件的厂商的业绩等造成消极影响。

       富士康相关人士在24日上午接受日本经济新闻(中文版:日经中文网)采访时承认太原工厂发生了骚乱事件,并已对生产活动产生影响。

       太原工厂是富士康为苹果代工智能手机的主要生产基地之一,员工约为5万人。该工厂的生产能力尚不清楚。此外,富士康还在郑州市工厂生产iPhone5,因 此预计不会全面停止向苹果提供产品。不过,如果停工时间延长,有可能导致新上市的iPhone5的供应出现短缺。

       据当地居民等表示,斗殴事件发生在23日晚间。由于宿舍保安殴打员工,最后发生了有约2000人参加的骚乱,宿舍设备、附近商店以及通勤大巴相继遭到破坏。当地出动了警察和武装警察,到24日凌晨事件已经基本平息。

       工厂本身似乎并未遭到破坏。不过,由于担心员工可能破坏设备,工厂决定自23日晚间起至少停工1整天。

       富士康存在诸多劳资纠纷。2010年,其深圳工厂有10多名员工相继跳楼自杀,一时间成为社会问题。今年6月,代工大部分“iPad”的成都工厂的员工宿舍发生了骚乱,并对生产造成了消极影响。

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Workers surround a local resident holding flowers and a sign that reads "Foxconn, twelfth jump, not harmonious" to mourn the workers who committed suicide at the entrance of the Foxconn complex in the southern Chinese city of Shenzhen Thursday, May 27, 2010. A young man became the 10th worker to jump to his death at a Foxconn Technology Group factory in southern China, just hours after the company's chairman toured the plant that makes iPods and other top-selling gadgets, state-run media said.  (ddp images/AP Photo/Kin Cheung)

新闻报道

iPhone 5是怎样"炼"成的?

上海一记者在富士康"潜伏"十天,披露了该厂工人遭压榨的黑幕。而生产iPhone 5的富士康,其员工的工作条件是否因丑闻频频曝光发生了改变?一位不愿透露姓名的富士康员工向德国之声讲述了他的遭遇。
德国之声:今年3月,刚刚到访过中国的苹果新任CEO蒂姆·库克(Tim Cook)曾表示,要坚决打击中国代工厂的非法加班情况,并承诺要改善工人的生活条件。但就在苹果推出iPhone 5前夕,上海一记者揭露说太原富士康工厂有严重的非法加班情况,而且工人遭到了粗暴对待。这种描述是否属实?
富士康(太原)员工:这里边的工作强度很大。工人的工作强度和所得到的薪水标准完全不成比例。就是说,我会被要求一个晚上连续7个小时不 间断的工作。中途不会主动给工人休息时间,除非工人自己要求说,我想去厕所。这样一个劳动强度之后,你得到每个月的基本工资是1550元人民币,每个小时 8.9元左右。在现在这么高的物价水平下,即使算上加班费那也是很少的收入。
另一方面,工厂里的管理方式也十分粗暴。你做得好,不会得到什么表扬,但是如果你做的不好,就会得到严厉的批评,长期在这样的环境下工作,会产生强大的精神压力。

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德国之声:您刚才提到了工人被"粗暴"对待的情况,能具体说说吗?
富士康(太原)员工:他(工厂领导)只要求你服从,把你完全当作一个木偶一样,他就想控制你。 富士康不是有句话吗,"走出实验室,没有高科技,只有服从的纪律。"
德国之声:这句话出自何处?
富士康(太原)员工:这句话就贴在车间的墙上,就相当于一个公司的企业文化。工厂的领导总是说,"他们是出于为员工着想,你们听我的就能多挣钱。"
刚走入车间的新人听到的第一堂"训话"是:线长(指车间流水线)让你们怎么干,你们就怎么干,不要有任何反抗就可以了。这也意味着,在整个过程中,你自己是不能提出什么要求的。他想让你休息你才能休息。

Staff members work on the production line at the Foxconn complex in the southern Chinese city of Shenzhen, Southern city in China, Wednesday, May 26, 2010. The head of the giant electronics company whose main facility in China has been battered by a string of worker suicides opened the plant's gates to scores of reporters Wednesday, hours after saying that intense media attention could make the situation worse. (AP Photo/Kin Cheung) 富士康加班赶工
德国之声:但是几个月前,苹果新任CEO蒂姆·库克来中国的时候,富士康曾明确表示,严格遵守每周工作时间(包括加班时间)不超过49小时。您的工厂是这样规定的吗?
富士康(太原)员工:我们入职培训的时候,他们说的很好。工作两个小时,可以得到10分钟的休息,但其实他们没有这样去执行。规定上还 说,晚班20点钟开始夜班后,到23点可以休息吃晚饭,但他们也没有做到。而且吃完晚饭后,就一直工作到早上7点钟,中间没有休息。连续7个小时的夜班就 是这么出来的。而且现在工人每个月的加班时间早就超出了中国劳动法规定的36个小时的上限。工厂内部规定的每个月加班时间在80个小时。
德国之声:既然是这样,那您认为是什么促使您和其他工人继续留在工厂接受这种"不平等"的工作条约呢?
富士康(太原)员工:有一个老员工跟我说过,没有人会强迫你留在这里。如果你不愿意继续做了,就算线长也不能强迫你。但是这时候,车间里 的领导就会给你做"工作"了。比如,线长会说,如果你走了,就给你记旷工,当然他只是吓唬人。要么他们就来"软的"劝你说,我们都是来挣钱的,多干两个小 时就能多赚点钱。但其实我平时加两个小时的班,得到的加班费不到30元人民币。工人们吃一顿饭可能就要20元。
还有一个原因是,如果你总是说你要走,不想干了,那么你和线长、组长的关系也会搞得很僵。他们就会在你以后的工作里,给你"穿小鞋",让你"不舒服"。
德国之声:除了工人每天和苹果产品的零件打交道,工人在工厂里能感觉到与美国的苹果公司有任何关系吗?
富士康(太原)员工:能感觉到的主要就是有台湾公司的气氛。因为公司的墙上贴得都是繁体字。除了我们每天做工时接触的是苹果产品外,其他的没有感到和苹果有什么联系。

In einer Live-Übertragung am Mittwoch 12.09.2012 nach London wird auf einer Leinwand Apple-Marketingchef Phil Schiller in San Francisco gezeigt, wie er das neues iPhone 5 vorstellt. In den USA, Deutschland und sieben weiteren Ländern kommt das neue Gerät am 21. September in die Läden. 22 weitere Länder werden am 28. September bedient. Foto: Christoph Dernbach, dpa iPhone 5发布会
德国之声:咱们再回到富士康引起外界争议最多的话题--非法加班。现在富士康太原工厂每个月的加班时间是80小时,早就超过了中国法律规定时间的两倍还多,甚至过去还有100个小时的加班情况。您感觉,富士康担心工人们对外界披露这些所谓的"内幕"吗?
富士康(太原)员工:我个人感觉,从一些细节就能体现富士康领导根本不在乎这些"事情"。比如,他(车间组长)不是不按时我们休息吗,有个员工说很累要休息,说要去告工厂的工会投诉组长。然后组长说,你投诉去吧!能感觉到,他们根本就不害怕。
另外,我觉得富士康在中国这么多年的扩张,实际上得到政府很大支持的。目前为止,最引发争议的就是违反劳动法的加班时间。从政府观点出发,因为富士康给当地税收和就业率提供了很大好处,所以政府也给他们极大的支持。
这样看来,富士康的老总郭台铭是有他的底气的。他会解释说,我这个不会有什么大问题的。他说的也的确如此,因为如果真有什么大问题,富士康早就被"消灭" 了,也不会在大陆十几年,发展的如此之红火。但就我个人来看,富士康单纯靠这种廉价劳动力的情况,可能也持续不了多久。我觉得它的好日子也快到头了。
作者:严严
责编:乐然




iphone 5 即将问世 富士康又遭批评苹果公司的新一代智能手机即将问世之际,其供应商富士康公司工人生产条件恶劣的问题再次引起媒体关注。德国《图片报》引述上海《新闻晚报》今年8月的一份报道称,一名中国记者以打工者身份“卧底”富士康位于太原的工厂十天,发现工人生活生产

条件恶劣。该名记者以亲身参加苹果新一代手机装配工作的经历进行报道,证实富士康工人劳动强度极大,休息时间无法得到保障,有时还遭到厂方体罚。有消息称,富士康已经对此做出回应,宣称会“立即调查并解决相关问题”。
富士康隶属台湾鸿海集团,是苹果公司最为重要的装配供应商之一。2010年,富士康在中国大陆的工厂连续发生工人跳楼事件,引发舆论大哗。富士康和苹果公司曾先后表示将改善劳工待遇。

Foxconn struggles with fresh labour disputes in China


When 150 workers at Foxconn climbed to the roof of one of its factories in the central Chinese city of Wuhan in a labour dispute earlier this month, it was a chilling reminder of the suicide series that shook the world’s largest contract electronics manufacturer less than two years ago.
There were no suicides in Wuhan on January 3, and workers present that day said no one was actually threatening to jump. But the drastic protest reflects new labour woes plaguing the company which makes the lion’s share of the world’s iPhones, iPads and other electronic gadgets.
Analysts say Foxconn’s move to transfer mass production of many gadgets from one mega-plant in Shenzhen, the export manufacturing hub next to Hong Kong, to new large plants in inland provinces has created a more complex wage structure and bottlenecks that trigger disputes.
“It seems the very changes they made to address some labour issues have spawned new problems with workers,” said a consultant who inspects contract manufacturing factories for consumer electronics brands.
Foxconn declined to comment on the employment issues at the company.
More than a dozen workers had jumped to their deaths in Foxconn factories in 2010, sending it scrambling to adjust the way the Taiwanese company manages production in its Chinese plants, which employ more than 1m workers.
That year, Foxconn raised wages sharply twice in its plants in Shenzhen, the export manufacturing hub next to Hong Kong where most suicides had taken place. The second raise applies only to staff who had successfully completed a trial period of at least six months – a move Foxconn says is meant as an incentive to lower the high turnover rates.
The group also stepped up its drive to expand production in inland provinces. The company has 27 manufacturing locations all over China, but over the past 16 months it has built and expanded two large factories in the provinces of Henan and Sichuan, where many of the migrant workers manning its older plants in coastal China come from.
One consideration was to control costs as, despite overall wage increases, they are lower in inland provinces.
The company also hoped to address some of the social problems behind the suicides, such as loneliness and unhappy love affairs, which are often caused by housing hundreds of thousands of young men and women in dorms far from home.
The plants in Zhengzhou, the provincial capital of Henan, and the one in Chengdu, capital of Sichuan, employ at least 100,000 workers each already, according to local government officials. Both plants are hiring aggressively and the headcount at each of them is expected to reach 300,000 eventually.
While in the past most Apple products were made in Shenzhen, Chengdu is now Foxconn’s second-largest iPad production base and Zhengzhou its number-two location for iPhone production.
But as the new plants still lack engineers and workers with long experience in making high-end gadgets, the new structure has forced Foxconn to shuffle workers around.
“They do the pilot production in Shenzhen and the mass production in Zhengzhou and Chengdu. Once that starts, workers from there need to be sent to Shenzhen for training,” said Kirk Yang, an analyst with Barclays Capital. “But the money those workers get varies widely because the minimum wage differs a lot in the different locations. With the internet and family networks, these differences are all very transparent, and that creates trouble.”
A worker at Foxconn’s Shenzhen plant from Henan who signed up for a programme to return to work in her home province complains of what she calls unfair wage and social security benefits. “It feels like Henan workers are second-class citizens at Foxconn,” she says, pointing to the fact that her base salary is lower than that on the Shenzhen contract and her Henan health insurance cannot be used in Shenzhen.
The problem is exacerbated by the strong demand for Apple products, which has blessed Foxconn with a full order book. Hon Hai, the group’s Taiwan-listed flagship, in December reported T$317bn ($10.6bn) in sales, the third straight monthly record, due to strong iPhone shipments.
As a result, the company has cut new year holidays for workers in some units and transferred groups of workers between production lines on short notice, a practice which has infuriated many.
The Wuhan protest was triggered by a move to transfer the workers from one unit to another.
Last week, more than 100 workers at a Foxconn plant in the eastern Chinese city of Yantai got into a dispute with human resources managers . The workers protested over differences in base wages and over the planned transfer of some workers to another plant at short notice.

富士康内迁引发新一波劳资纠纷

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富士康(Foxconn)武汉工厂的150名工人在本月初因一起劳资纠纷爬上了工厂屋顶,这令人胆寒的一幕不禁让人回想起不到两年前发生在这个世界最大合约电子产品制造商工厂里的连续自杀事件。
1月3日武汉那起事件中无人自杀,而且在场工人们表示,其实也没有人扬言要跳楼。不过,这起激烈的抗议事件表明,这家制造了全球大部分的iPhone、iPad及其他一些电子设备的企业,又面临着新的劳资纠纷。
分析人士表示,富士康在内地一些省份建立大型工厂,将许多生产线从位于深圳(毗邻香港的出口制造业中心)的超级大工厂转移过来,这让工资结构变得更为复杂,并导致一些瓶颈问题,从而引发争端。
一位研究消费电子品牌合约生产厂商的咨询师说:“他们为解决一些劳工问题而做的变革,似乎又滋生了新的劳资问题。”
富士康拒绝就劳资问题置评。
2010年,富士康工厂十几名工人跳楼自杀,让这家员工人数超过100万人的台企不得不迅速调整对大陆各工厂的生产管理方式。
连续自杀事件发生当年,富士康深圳各厂两次大幅上调工资。深圳工厂是连续自杀事件的主要发生地。第二次工资上调只针对已顺利通过至少6个月试用期的员工,富士康表示,此举旨在增强员工的忠诚度、降低员工流动率。
该集团同时开始加速向内地省份扩张。富士康在全中国有27个生产基地,在过去16个月里,它在河南和四川两个省份兴建和扩建了两个大型工厂。这两个省份正是富士康沿海地区工厂里许多打工者的老家。
富士康此举原因之一是为了控制成本,因为尽管工资整体上涨,但在内地省份工资水平要低一些。
富士康也希望通过此举化解导致自杀的一些社会原因,比如孤独感和感情问题。数以十万计的年轻男女住在远离家乡的工厂宿舍里,常常会滋生这方面的问题。
当地政府官员表示,富士康在河南省会郑州和四川省会成都的两家工厂分别已有至少10万名工人。两家工厂仍在大量招人,预计每家工厂的工人数量最终都会达到30万人。
尽管过去大部分苹果(Apple)产品生产地在深圳,但如今,成都已成为富士康的第二大iPad生产地,而郑州则已成为其第二大iPhone生产地。
不过,由于新工厂仍然缺少在生产高端电子设备方面有多年经验的工程师和工人,富士康不得不在不同工厂之间调动员工、以适应新的布局。
“他们在深圳进行试生产,而把量产放在郑州和成都。批量化生产一开始,就必须把郑州和成都的工人送到深圳去培训,”巴克莱资本(Barclays Capital)的分析师杨应超(Kirk Yang)说。“不过,三地工厂的工人工资差距很大,因为不同地方的最低工资标准差别很大。有互联网和亲戚之间互通信息,这种工资差别人人都知道,这就产 生了问题。”
富士康深圳工厂的一名河南籍女工在签署返乡工作协议后抱怨说,工资和社保福利不公平。她说,“好像河南工人是富士康的二等公民一样”,意指她的基本工资比在深圳时低,而她在河南办的医保也不能在深圳用。
苹果把大量订单交给富士康生产,而苹果产品需求强劲,这就导致上述问题进一步加剧。因iPhone出货量增长强劲,富士康母公司、台湾上市公司鸿海(Hon Hai)去年12月营收达3170亿元新台币(合106亿美元),连续第三个月创下历史新高。
接单量大的结果就是,富士康部分车间取消了新年假期,并临时通知部分工人转到别的生产线,这令许多工人感到愤怒。
武汉工厂工人抗议事件的导火索是,富士康要求部分员工转移到其他业务部门。
富士康烟台工厂100多名工人上周与人力资源部门发生争执。工人们抗议同工不同酬,以及临时通知他们中的一些人转到另外一家工厂。
译者/何黎

台灣『公‧教』圈的關門自我服務

台灣『公‧教』圈的關門自我服務

約十年前,國科會設一個什麼學術名著翻譯獎勵辦法。它規定只有學術界 (教師)才能參加。這條件和成績,跟胡適之先生七八十年前主持的翻譯計畫,簡直是相形見絀。
又中央研究院台灣史的一些什麼「資料庫」(美其名為知識庫) ,他規定只有『公‧教』信箱者才能申請。
這些拿國民納稅人的錢的所謂學術單位,胸襟多偉大,對於知識的壟斷之道多講究,多窩囊。

2012年9月23日 星期日

小心台灣成為中國的邊陲(南方朔)亞洲領袖: 中國?日本?

 此中文版比法文版多約80頁
 值得注意的是參考資料幾乎都是英文

谁是亚洲领袖:中国还是日本?

作者: [法] 克劳德·迈耶
译者: 潘革平
出版社: 社会科学文献出版社
出版年: 2011-1
页数: 235
定价: 29.00元
装帧: 平装
丛书: 当代中国研究译丛
ISBN: 9787509720158

内容简介   · · · · · · 

作者简介   · · · · · · 

  克劳德·迈耶(Claude Meyer),法国高等社会科学研究院经济学博士,巴黎政治学院国际经济学教授。

目录  · · · · · ·

目  录

导 论……………………………………………………………………………………………1
第1章 两个经济巨人的族谱 …………………………………………………………………10
中国和日本两国最近三十年所走过的轨迹,相互之间似乎并不存在相通之
处,甚至可以说是完全不同。不过,这两个亚洲国家的命运却休戚相关。这不
仅是因为两国之间的经济规模存在相似之处,而且也因为两国在漫长的历史风
云中积累起了许多深刻的记忆。
龙之觉醒…………………………………………………………………………………/12
相扑的韧性………………………………………………………………………………/19
交错的命运………………………………………………………………………………/27
第2章 强大但脆弱 ……………………………………………………………………………33
这两个亚洲大国的国内生产总值就占了整个东亚地区国内生产总值的77%,
占全球总量的15%。这两个国家虽然都是工业大国,但都十分脆弱。2008~2009
年的全球危机,与20世纪90年代对日本造成重创的经济危机一样,都使两个国
家的弱点暴露无遗,而这些弱点势必会影响到其未来的经济增长。
经济强国的武器…………………………………………………………………………/33
未来几十年的沉重挑战…………………………………………………………………/49
危机撼动巨人……………………………………………………………………………/70
第3章 日本,一个寻求“正常化”的经济领袖 ……………………………………………75
20世纪90年代的危机使它深刻认识到仅依靠经济发展所带来的国际地位存
在着许多局限,与此同时,周边环境所发生的深刻变化又使日本不得不重新思
考其防务政策。从此,日本开始了寻求“正常化”的进程,它要告别过去被人
另眼相看的日本,成为一个“正常”国家。为此,日本不仅采取了外交行动,
而且开始建立与自身经济实力相当的防务力量。
亚洲的经济领袖…………………………………………………………………………/75
日本渴望“正常化”……………………………………………………………………/95
第4章 中国,正成为全球强国 ………………………………………………………………109
作为一个活跃的区域行为体,中国凭借其在亚洲的影响来巩固自己的国际
地位,并逐步使自己获得了全球性大国的地位。它手中拥有两张日本无法拥有
的王牌:它是联合国安理会常任理事国,而且它还拥有核武器。
争夺亚洲经济领袖的追逐赛……………………………………………………………/110
一个区域和全球行为体的雄心…………………………………………………………/120
结 论 中国与日本正面交锋…………………………………………………………………137
未来中日关系可能出现三种设想情形:日本听命于未来中国霸权的可能性
不太大;两个敌对国家之间发生冲突;或者相反,两国根据各自互补的优势开
展携手合作。
附录一 印度和日本:建立全面战略和经济伙伴关系?……………………………………148
日本与印度之间的经济关系今后几年可能得到进一步加强,但两国间的战
略合作未来很可能使双边关系发生彻底改变。……未来亚洲的领导权很可能会
由日本以及中国和印度这两个新兴国家一起来分享。
经济关系不够密切………………………………………………………………………/149
建立全面战略和经济伙伴关系?………………………………………………………/155
附录二 日本的“辉煌十年”:20世纪80年代………………………………………………164
20世纪80年代,日本确立了自己全球金融强国的地位,然而金融权力朝着
有利于日本方向转移的进程到1989年底便宣告结束。与其他形式的实力一样,
日本金融实力的上升实际上是美国金融实力相对下降的结果。
概观:两大挑战,两种抱负……………………………………………………………/164
金融扩张…………………………………………………………………………………/176
附录三 “失去的十年”:20世纪90年代……………………………………………………188
除了“股市只涨不跌”这一盲目信仰破灭之外,另一个神话也在20世纪90
年代初破灭,这个神话便是:由于建筑用地十分有限,因而地产价格将会始终
保持升值。
金融危机与经济低迷……………………………………………………………………/188
对这场反常危机的分析…………………………………………………………………/210
参考文献…………………………………………………………………………………………224
缩略语和习惯用法………………………………………………………………………………234

《星期專論》小心台灣成為中國的邊陲

今天的台灣,經濟快速惡化,國民的收入也持續下滑,一般人及媒體都簡單的將這種現象歸因於馬政府的無能。
無能只是小罪 方向錯誤才是大罪
但 這種「無能論」,雖不能說不對,但卻太過表面,它缺少了歷史及思想的縱深。我認為台灣今日每況愈下,無能的解釋已太過簡單,更大的原因其實是無知無識,由 於無知無識,整個台灣已被帶到一個完全錯誤的方向,那就是近代「依賴理論」所說的「依賴而不發展」的現象,台灣已淪為「中心︱邊陲」這種政經秩序裡的邊 陲,而中國則是新的中心。正因為台灣已淪為邊陲,邊陲國家的特性,如資本技術及人力向中心移動,邊陲的薪資日益下滑,邊陲的階級化日益極端,整個社會的發 展更加向低技術、勞力更密集的方向移動等問題遂在台灣發生。無能只是個小罪過,把台灣帶到邊陲的方向,使台灣向下沉淪,累世不得翻身,那才是不可被原諒的 大罪!
因此,今天的台灣,可能已需要對當年的政治經濟學之「依賴理論」及「中心︱邊陲論」,重新撿回來加以理解了。所謂的「依賴理論」,乃 是一九五○至八○年代初,在西方及第三世界國家相當顯學的一種政治經濟學,當時有好多一流的學術大師,注意到世界上的極端不公平,於是他們從學理上來探討 這種不公平的起源,他們發現到,除了意識形態的支配外,已開發國家更透過許多經濟的詭論,而讓發展中國家自願的失去了主體性的追求,而去接受那個不公平的 分工秩序,而使發展中國家永遠在分工秩序的下端,而上端則永遠是西方的已開發國家,邊陲國家由於在國際分工秩序裡的下端,缺少了議價的籌碼,於是它只能向 低工資勞力密集的產業發展,因而註定了邊陲國家的發展走到階級化社會的方向。有鑒於發展中國家的此種命運,依賴理論的諸位大師,像埃及學者阿敏 (Samir Amin)等遂主張,發展中國家的政府一定要拚盡努力,開創本身的經濟自主性,有自己的高生產力的火車頭企業,讓自己的生產力提升。他們的觀點就是說政府 和企業都要更有志氣,更有自主性及決斷力。依賴理論據我所知,它對拉丁美洲的發展扮演了極大作用,整個拉丁美洲的近代發展,經濟和政治自主性的追求乃是它 的共同目標。
馬政府經濟政策思考 缺少自主性
而非常令人失 望的,馬政府的經濟政策思考,就是缺少了自主性這個最基本的要件,因此自馬上台後,遂全力發展與中國的經濟關係,他以為中國是最大的新興市場,依靠中國就 會有經濟政績,在ECFA的初期,由於中國還有人口紅利,加上中國自己的進口替代產業尚不完整,用馬政府的話來說,那就是兩岸尚有互補性,台灣的確得到出 口利益,台商也都賺到了許多。而且馬政府的開放所造成的台灣產業外移,也尚未到關鍵點,人們也都未重視,但這種對中國的依賴,最近這一、兩年已開始病徵出 現:
(一)它造成台灣產業的空洞化,台灣與中國的產業關係由互補性轉為競爭性,於是台灣對中國的出口遂大幅下滑。
(二)台灣產業的外移,其實也伴隨著台灣資金向中國大量流出,而沒有造成利潤回流,只不過產生一大群游牧式的富人階級,資金與技術外移而利潤不回流,這乃是依賴理論特別強調的一種邊陲現象。
吸走技術人力 台灣產業基礎淪喪
(三)繼產業及資金的抽吸後,現在已進一步的對台灣技術人力進行抽吸,這種情況假以時日,必造成台灣本身的枯乾化。它最好的結果,乃是台灣將缺乏自主的產業基礎,一個國家永續發展的能力也將淪喪。
(四) 在以前的依賴理論裡,它為了使邊陲國家安於邊陲,會將它的邊陲落後美化,說成是一種牧歌式的美好田園社會,而今天的台灣也正被這樣的美化,台灣是個有人情 味、服務品質良好的度假旅遊樂園,有特色小吃與點心,這種牧歌式的台灣被陸客吹捧,台灣官方也自鳴得意的在自我吹捧,台灣民間沒有別的可以自我肯定,當然 也對這種牧歌式的鄉愁大力宣揚。我不是說這些品質不重要,但高科技大國與小吃旅遊立國,畢竟是不一樣的。
我缺乏新核心產業 只能向下沉淪
因 此,今天的中國與台灣,其實已形成了一種「中心︱邊陲關係」,中國由於擁有市場力,它已藉著抽吸功能,而成為中心,馬政府卻很得意於自己成為邊陲。一個邊 陲社會最後只好依賴中心而生存,它必然國民收入日益降低,當台灣不再有新的核心產業成為經濟的生長點,台灣當然只得繼續向下沉淪。
我從未反對兩岸的經貿互動,但也從未支持過馬政府這種毫無自主性,從屬依賴的互動。今天台灣每況愈下,正在快速的倒退,這絕不只是無能而已,而是台灣的方向已全都錯了,錯誤之罪,其實比無能更甚。中國與台灣之間的這種「中心︱邊陲關係」,或許才是我們更該擔心的!
(作者南方朔為文化評論者)

2012年9月22日 星期六

蘋果公司的徵兆

Has Apple Peaked?
By JOE NOCERA
The nasty glitch in the iPhone 5 suggests that the law of big companies even applies to the most valuable one in America.

TECHNOLOGY Apple Makes a Wrong Turn With Maps
Apple made a rare strategic blunder in unseating Google's map software from its mobile devices, sparking a world-wide consumer backlash.

2012年9月21日 星期五

友達案涉嫌壟斷面板價格的罪名成立: fined $500M


Taiwan firm fined $500M for LCD price-fixing

The sentences handed down Thursday are among the harshest penalties ever given in an antitrust criminal case.
The Associated Press


SAN FRANCISCO — A Taiwanese company was fined $500 million Thursday and its former president and executive vice president were each sentenced to three years in prison for their leading roles in a global LCD screen price-fixing conspiracy.
The sentences handed down Thursday are among the harshest penalties ever given in an antitrust criminal case.
Still, the U.S. Department of Justice complained that the punishments were not enough. Federal prosecutors demanded a $1 billion fine and a 10-year prison sentence for the executives.
U.S. District Judge Susan Illston said she rejected the demand because A.U. Optronics has already paid out millions to settle a class-action lawsuit and still faced other lawsuits in the United States and around the world.
She also said the two executives — Hsuan Bin Chen and Hui Hsiung — didn’t deserve the lengthy prison sentences demanded by prosecutors because they acted not for personal gain like someone operating a Ponzi scheme but out of their sincere belief that they were aiding a troubled industry plagued by overproduction and plummeting prices.
Both men declined to address the court.
“There were a lot of business pressures they responded to,” the judge said. “There was relatively little personal motivation.”
Nonetheless, the judge said the evidence of their guilt was “overwhelming” and that “they did know it was illegal.”
The company and seven other competitors who have previously pleaded guilty were convicted of sending executives to quarterly meetings between 2001 and 2006 to hash out production levels and prices they would charge the world’s largest technology companies for their liquid display screens.
The tech giants include companies such as Apple, Dell Computers and a long list of television and computer makers. Many of the meetings’ agendas and conclusions were documented and presented to the jury as evidence.
The jury convicted the company and men in March.
Prosecutors said the conspiracy artificially inflated the cost of those products for consumers around the world.
One-third of the $74 billion in LCD screen sales implicated in the scheme were made by U.S. companies.
“These defendants played a pivotal role in a global conspiracy that had an unprecedented impact on the pocket books of American consumers,” federal prosecutor Heather Tewksbury unsuccessfully argued for harsher sentences. “They have done nothing to accept any responsibility for what they did.”
DOJ is wrapping up a yearslong investigation of the global price-fixing scheme that artificially increased the price of LCD screens used in televisions, computers and other electronic products made by Apple, Dell Computers and many of the largest high-tech companies in the United States.
In July, the company, along with Toshiba and LG, agreed to pay a combined $571 million to settle one of the lawsuits.
Other manufactures, including Hitachi, Sharp and Samsung, agreed in December to pay $538 million to settle.
Seven other Asian manufacturers and 22 of their executives have previously pleaded guilty and agreed to pay a combined $890 million in fines.
The 10 executives who have been sentenced so far received prison terms ranging from six months to a little more than a year in prison.
The $1.39 billion in criminal fines won in court make the LCD screen price-fixing case the largest criminal antitrust case ever prosecuted by the DOJ, surpassing the breakup of a vitamin cartel in the late 1990s that netted $875 million in criminal fines.

 2012.3.14

Taiwan company, 2 top executives found guilty of fixing prices of LCD screens
Washington Post
SAN FRANCISCO — A Taiwan company and two of its top executives have been found guilty of working with competitors to inflate prices of liquid screen display screens used in computer monitors and televisions. Federal jurors in San Francisco on Tuesday ...

Taiwan firm found guilty of LCD price fixing in the US
BBC News
AU Optronics, one of Taiwan's biggest flat screen makers, has been found guilty of fixing prices of liquid crystal display panels in the US. Two senior executives of the firm have also been convicted for colluding with rival manufacturers.
See all stories on this topic »

BBC News
AU Optronics convicted of LCD price-fixing, to appeal
Reuters
By Ronnie Cohen | TAIPEI/SAN FRANCISCO (Reuters) - A jury found AU Optronics Corp guilty of criminal price-fixing in a case in which the Taiwan-based electronics company was accused of conspiring with other manufacturers of liquid crystal display ...


延宕許久的友達案13日在舊金山宣判,舊金山加州聯邦法院陪審團做出裁決,陪審團認定友達光電涉嫌壟斷面板價格的罪名成立,副董事長陳炫彬與佳世達總經理熊暉被認定違反反托辣斯法,友達律師則表示將會上訴。 美國司法部發表聲明說,友達光電面臨10億美元罰款。


〔記者陳梅英/台北報導〕友達涉及反托拉斯案美陪審團做出判決,友達以及美國子公司與兩名主管熊暉、陳炫彬均被判有罪,另外3名主管陳來助與李燦榮、梁兆 龍則無罪,友達表示對於陪審團有罪決定感到深切失望,但仍有信心最終可以獲得清白,法院將於數月內判處罰金,友達將對陪審團決定及任何罰金的裁決提出上 訴。

 友達今天一早就發出聲明,並指出,本案地方法院已把被告無罪辯護的核心重要法律議題,即「是否在台灣所舉行的會議所發生的任何事情要受到美國法律管轄 」交由上訴法院來決定,而陪審團的決定並未回應此重要議題。

 友達強調,友達於此案審理時已證明美國司法部所提的證據是扭曲而不完整的。美國司法部指稱友達的代表藉由參加在台北舉行的「水晶會議」而與競爭同業控制 價格,然而有好幾位曾參與水晶會議而配合美國司法部作證的證人於審理作證表示本身並無議價授權,甚至根本沒有與競爭對手達成價格協議。事實上,某配合美國 司法部作證的證人於審理時作證表示水晶會議所討論的價格與真實世界的交易價格無關。

 此外,友達也提出了無爭議的證據,證明友達在2001年至2006年間的訂價持續地低於所謂的「水晶會議價格」 ,友達相信這是友達未參與聯合訂價協議的有力證據。

2012年9月20日 星期四

雅虎將所持阿里巴巴股權半數套現 /Alibaba.com 醜聞/ "阿里巴巴關"

Yahoo Closes $7.6 Billion Alibaba Deal
Alibaba completed the initial repurchase of shares from Yahoo for $7.6 billion, representing half of Yahoo's 40% stake in Alibaba.
China's sovereign wealth fund invested about $2 billion in Alibaba, as the Chinese Internet company bought back a large stake owned by Yahoo.

雅虎將所持阿里巴巴股權半數套現


阿里巴巴回購了雅虎所持的大約20%的股權,雅虎將獲得76億美元左右的稅前收益。雅虎方面宣布其中30億美元將用來返還給股東。


中國缺少的不是創新,是信任

......如果你想知道在中國稍微多推行一點信任機制會發生什麼事情,那就像我一樣,花一天時間參加阿里巴巴網商年度大會(AliFest),有幾千名中國企 業家參加年度大會,他們都是電子商務巨頭阿里巴巴網站的成員。成立於1999年的阿里巴巴表示,他們今年的銷售量可能超過eBay和亞馬遜 (Amazon.com)的銷售總和。阿里巴巴能有如此成績,部分是因為,它在中國國內建立了一個可信可靠的買賣雙方市場,將消費者、發明家以及製造商會 聚在一起,而如果沒有這個平台,這些人都會覺得很難做交易。 阿里巴巴有三項主要業務,首先是淘寶和天貓,它們構成了一個巨大的網上市場,世界各地的人都可以在網站購買或者出售商品——從寶潔公司 (Procter & Gamble)在網上賣牙膏,到中國公司提供他們的工程技術。今年淘寶公司的商品買賣成交額有望達到1500億美元,其中大部分是在中國成交。
第二個就是阿里巴巴網站,如果你想做能夠播放《星條旗永不落》(The Star Spangled Banner)的橡膠涼鞋,你可以在阿里巴巴網站進行搜索,它將為你提供數十個中國鞋廠的鏈接,這些廠商會通過競爭來獲得你這一單生意。
而阿里巴巴的第三項主要業務支付寶,則相當於中國的貝寶(PayPal)。比如,通過這項業務,中國偏僻地區的小型生產商家就能夠把商品賣給一個上 海顧客。買家會和阿里巴巴簽訂協議,把錢交給後者暫為保管,而只有當買家表示已收到自己訂購的商品後,阿里巴巴才會把貨款支付給賣家。看,這就是信任。這 帶來了何種影響?在中國,淘寶用戶超過了5億,而支付寶賬戶數量達到了6億。


 201102.21

Alibaba.com CEO Resigns
Alibaba.com CEO David Wei resigned after an internal investigation found that more than 2,300 sellers on the e-commerce site were committing fraud, sometimes with the help of Alibaba.com sales staff.


里巴巴(1688.HK)盤前跌4.1%﹐至16.00港元﹐受其首席執行長及首席運營長李旭輝辭職的消息拖纍﹐此前一項內部調查顯示﹐該電子商務網站上有2,300多個銷售商存在欺詐行為。

阿里巴巴補充說﹐有100名銷售人員以及銷售主管和經理對於允許欺詐者逃避公司規定的核實程序負有直接責任。

摩根士丹利將阿里巴巴評級從增持下調至中性﹐該行表示﹐隨著調查的繼續﹐阿里巴巴會提高對新客戶的審核標準﹐這可能會降低新客戶增速。

摩根士丹利認為﹐阿里巴巴針對上述行為採取了正確的措施﹐不過在事情進一步明朗化之前﹐傾向於持觀望態度。

2012年9月19日 星期三

IBM Now/This Week


IBM Launches a Bold New Vision for the Digital Village
Forbes
And based on what I've seen this week, IBM appears to be its chief architect. The strong communities of the past, where family, businesses, church, school, and courthouses were all part of a village, have faded in importance in modern society, where we ...
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IBM Scientists Distinguish Individual Molecular Bonds
eWeek
IBM announced that its scientists have been able to differentiate the chemical bonds in individual molecules for the first time using a technique known as noncontact atomic force microscopy (AFM). According to Big Blue, the results push the exploration ...
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IBM Expands in Turkey and Poland - Analyst Blog
NASDAQ
In accordance with its expansionary policy, IT major International Business Machines Corp. ( IBM ) recently opened a couple of new branch offices in Turkey and Poland. The new offices are expected to boost its presence in the fast growing markets of ...
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IBM Uses Social Sentiment to Study Traffic Jams in India
Wall Street Journal (blog)
The research results are part of the technology company's IBM Smarter Cities Forum in New Delhi, where it also revealed a new method of analyzing social sentiment designed to help cities around the world more effectively measure and understand public ...
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Wall Street Journal (blog)
Knight Turns to IBM to Review Software
Wall Street Journal
IBM began its review Aug. 27 and is examining the Jersey City, N.J.-based firm's processes for developing products, after an "undetected bug" in old software caused it to unleash millions of unintended trades on Aug. 1, Knight CEO Thomas Joyce told ...
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Intel Confirms Freefall of Server Giants HP, Dell, and IBM
Wired
In 2008, says Intel bigwig Diane Bryant, three familiar names bought far more server chips than any other company on earth. That year, she remembers, HP, Dell, and IBM accounted for 75 percent of the revenue Intel raked in from the sale of processors ...
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Wired
IBM Wants to Put a Watson in Your Pocket
Businessweek
Bernie Meyerson, IBM's vice president of innovation, envisions phones tapping into Watson, which would answer complex questions remotely, like a supercharged version of the Siri personal assistant built into Apple's (AAPL) iPhone. A farmer, Meyerson ...
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Knight hires IBM to review August trading glitch
Chicago Tribune
NEW YORK (Reuters) - Knight Capital Group Inc has hired International Business Machines Corp to look into the August 1 trading glitch that cost the trading firm $440 million and forced it to accept a $400 million investment from a group of financial ...
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Thanks, IBM, for the memories
San Jose Mercury News
My friend Michael S. Malone celebrated the 60th anniversary of disk-memory (as in disk drive) today on the op-ed page of the Wall Street Journal. Malone is an engaging writer and a gifted historian who didn't disappoint in his account of IBM's move ...
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IBM Analytics to Support Jet Airways' Green Initiatives
Sacramento Bee
MUMBAI, India, Sept. 10, 2012 -- /PRNewswire/ -- IBM (NYSE: IBM) today announced it has enabled Jet Airways, India's premier international airline, to more accurately calculate, track and report aircraft emissions. Realizing this significant milestone ...
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IBM Mainframe Evolves to Serve the Digital World
New York Times
The new model, the zEnterprise EC12, has strengthened the traditional mainframe's skill of reliably and securely handling vast volumes of transactions. That is why the mainframe is still the digital workhorse for banking and telecommunications networks ...
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New York Times
IBM enters HR web applications market with Kenexa buy
Reuters
Mon Aug 27, 2012 2:37pm EDT. (Reuters) - IBM Corp will buy Kenexa Corp for about $1.3 billion to enter the human resources software market in a move that would likely increase competition with Oracle Corp and SAP AG who recently bought into the sector.
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IBM making smartphone version of Watson
San Francisco Chronicle
Bernie Meyerson, IBM vice president of innovation, envisions a voice-activated Watson that answers questions, like a supercharged version of Apple's Siri personal assistant. A farmer could stand in a field and ask his phone, "When should I plant my corn?
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San Francisco Chronicle
IBM buys Kenexa for $1.3B in latest software deal
Boston.com
ARMONK, N.Y. (AP) — IBM is buying human resources management company Kenexa Corp. for about $1.3 billion, adding to its stable of cloud-based software. The Monday announcement sent Kenexa's stock to the highest point since it began trading in ...
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IBM to roll out new mainframes despite shrinking market
Reuters
BOSTON (Reuters) - IBM will unveil a new version of its iconic mainframe computer on Tuesday, adding new security and data analytics features as it struggles to stem declines in the sluggish market for high-end business computers. International ...
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IBM introduces new powerful mainframe computers
Boston.com
IBM said its zEnterprise EC12 mainframe server is designed to help clients securely and quickly sift through massive amounts of data, meeting the demands of retail and other clients in the age of ''Big Data.'' Running at 5.5 GHz, IBM said the ...
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IBM and Oracle Present Rival Chips for 'big Iron' Servers
PCWorld
IBM's new, eight-core Power7+, expected before the end of the year, is being manufactured on a 32-nanometer process, compared with 45 nanometers for the Power7. The more advanced process enables smaller transistors, which means IBM could fit ...
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IBM SmartCloud optimized for managing, drilling data from consumer devices
ZDNet
Summary: IBM's latest SmartCloud addition tracks customer intelligence on consumer devices with the promise of enhanced customer experiences as the reward. Rachel King. By Rachel King for Between the Lines | August 31, 2012 -- 13:00 GMT (06:00 PDT) ...
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IBM Insights: What the numbers mean
ESPN
However, IBM Insights -- which tracks data from Grand Slams -- indicated that was, in fact, one key for Serena against Zheng if she wanted to improve her likelihood of winning. IBM Insights is an algorithm that: • Identifies what a player can do to ...
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IBM Insights Could Solve Andrew Cuomo's Healthcare and Education Challenges
Forbes
New York's political leaders would be well advised to look at why IBM has pushed so hard for primary care's revival (short version: it has the greatest ROI of any healthcare policy). From its study of its $2 billion global spend on healthcare, IBM ...
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2012年9月18日 星期二

Mobile-phone market



Mega phone

What is the impact of the iPhone on the mobile market?
MILLIONS of iFans eagerly await the new iPhone, which is expected to be revealed on September 12th and to go on sale later this month. Analysts expect it to outsell Samsung's Galaxy SIII, its nearest rival, which has shifted over 20m units worldwide since its launch in May. Each new model of the iPhone has sold as many units as all previous versions combined. Since the launch of the original iPhone in 2007, it has brought in $150 billion in sales revenue, with $74 billion of that in the past year. The iPhone is Apple's biggest product, accounting for 53% of the company's revenue. Indeed, if the iPhone were spun out as a separate company it would be bigger than Microsoft, whose revenues were $73 billion last year. According to Asymco, a market-research firm, Apple claims two-thirds of the profits among handset-makers, despite having a smartphone market share of 21%, as the charts below show. The iPhone has been the world’s bestselling smartphone for five consecutive years, but will its run last? In 2011 Apple spent only 2% of its revenue on research, while Google and Microsoft both spent 13%.





2012年9月17日 星期一

老闆,你不是主宰 (盧克•約翰遜)

老闆,你不是主宰英國《金融時報》專欄作家盧克•約翰遜

“我想**幹什麼就乾什麼。”這句話刊登於最近某期《福布斯》(Forbes)雜誌上,出自世界最富有的餐館老闆、億萬富翁蒂爾曼•費爾蒂塔(Tilman Fertitta)之口。這是否反映出成功企業家的一種普遍觀念?
毫無疑問,對這些人來說,能夠掌控自己的命運至關重要。在近期一次成功企業家聚會上,我對他們的首要追求進行了調查。結果顯示,這些白手起家的男男女女幾乎不約而同地認為,自己最重要的動力是對自主的渴望,而非對財富、權力或名聲的追求。
的確,如果你自己當自己的老闆,那沒人能炒掉你。對以邁克爾•布隆伯格(Michael Bloomberg)為首的諸多企業家而言,被炒魷魚就是促使他們走上創業之路的“導火索”:這些人無不發誓,自己絕不要再被解僱。
富有的企業家還可以想穿戴什麼就穿戴什麼,遲到而不受罰,花錢擺平麻煩,度上一整年的假,提前退休或乾到干不動為止,關掉公司,賣掉公司,把公司送人,讓自己的名字出現在公司門上,或是把自己的照片貼在每家分店裡——PizzaExpress 的創始人就曾經想這麼幹(但經過我和合夥人勸說,他明白了這不是個好主意)。
如果你擁有一家大企業,那麼這種所有權意味著,你有權根據自己的喜好來進行所有的企業決策。相比之下,上市公司的首席執行官必須說服董事會支持自己,有時還要通過股東投票來決定一些事情。他們本質上都是“打工仔”。實際上,大公司的首席執行官是一項很不穩當的工作,平均任職時間只有6年。
當然也有例外,史蒂夫•喬布斯(Steve Jobs)便是其中一位。在他去世後,所有關於他的傳略都描述了他有多麼的獨裁,以及他如何威逼下屬乃至號令顧客。但憑藉自己在蘋果(Apple)取得的非凡成就,喬布​​斯並沒有因這些看似不講理的行為而受到責難。
當然,非上市公司也有其他的利益相關者,即使公司所有的股份全在一人手裡。這些利益相關者包括員工、供應商、客戶,很可能還有債權方。
一些企業家給人的印像是,他們對上述人等毫不在乎。我認識一位準億萬富翁,他似乎把所有人都視若糞土,而且並沒有因此栽跟頭。他根本不在意官司和糾紛,而且似乎生意越做越火,態度也越來越傲慢。不過,由於他有點石成金的魔力,每個與他打交道的人都容忍他的粗魯。
政客們看上去是在執掌大權,但他們不過是臨時的看管人罷了。一旦他們離任或被選下台,一切影響力就都化為烏有。此外,他們的一舉一動都受到公務員的監督,媒體也像老鷹一樣盯著他們。一般說來,這些在公共部門任職的人自由十分有限。
有時也會湧現出獨裁者,其中有些人會長期掌權。但幾乎​​所有這類人,比如穆阿邁爾•卡扎菲(Muammar Gaddafi),都沒落得好下場,因為他們的領導權是非法的、是通過暴力獲得的。最終,民眾會揭竿而起,推翻暴君。
相比之下,商界大亨們是憑藉商業才華(或繼承)建立起自己的“帝國”,他們積聚下來的財產和影響力,在任何情況下都受民法保護。
很多看上去不可戰勝的企業家,在工作中是自己旗下業務的一把手,在家裡卻只是二把手。他們以為自己可以為所欲為,但實際上,在家事(常常還不止這些)上說了算的是他們的配偶。
我一直認為,我們每個人都要對別人負責——不管這個別人是銀行、合夥人還是監管機構——實際上這個名單可以列成一長串。任何認為自己完全獨立於社會其餘部分的人,都是在妄想。
也許,當穿上製服時,所有那些高高在上的人都曾想過自己就是上帝——不管他們是將軍、外科醫師還是企業領導者。但如果他們不是反社會者(一些企業家很可能是反社會者),那麼即使他們短暫迷失在“主宰者情結”中,也會很快走出來。
以我的經驗來看,缺乏良心、自信過度膨脹的領導者終將陷入困境。經營是一門關於合作的藝術,需要的是說服和協商。希臘人早就知道,被傲慢籠罩的人將遭到報應。
譯者/徐天辰

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