Trump Is About to Face the Choice That Dooms Many Presidencies. 川普的勝利顯示了拜登產業政策願景的政治局限性：「產業政策是一項長期策略，需要很多年才能發揮作用，」

 

Trump Is About to Face the Choice That Dooms Many Presidencies

 The election was about tax cuts, or maybe cryptocurrency, the arguments go. What Americans really want, sir, is fewer protections on the job and a weaker safety net.

This is the first moment when presidencies go wrong. Rather than prepare to govern on behalf of the electorate that put them in power — especially the independent swing voters who by definition provide the margin of victory in a two-party system — new presidents, themselves typically members of the donor and activist communities, convince themselves that their personal preferences are the people’s as well. Two years later, their political capital expended and their agendas in shambles, their parties often suffer crushing defeats in midterm elections.

爭論的焦點是這次選舉是關於減稅，或者可能是關於加密貨幣。先生，美國人真正想要的是更少的工作保護和更薄弱的安全網。

這是總統任期第一次出錯。新總統本身通常是捐助者和積極分子社區的成員，而不是準備代表讓他們掌權的選民——尤其是獨立搖擺選民，他們在定義上提供了兩黨制度中的勝利餘地——來說服他們他們自己認為，他們的個人偏好也是人民的偏好。兩年後，他們的政治資本耗盡，議程陷入混亂，他們的政黨經常在中期選舉中遭受慘敗。

Trump Win Shows Political Limits of Biden’s Industrial Policy Vision

Long-term economic investments in domestic manufacturing were overshadowed by real-time anxiety over rent and grocery prices.

In fact, some of America’s economic growth stems from the hefty investments the Biden administration has made in infrastructure, clean energy and chips.

Yet that strategy, which aimed at restoring manufacturing jobs lost to the forces of globalization, was not enough to keep Democrats in power. Despite nearly $1 trillion in clean energy manufacturing investments and the distribution of nearly $10 billion of tax credits for electric cars and green home upgrades, voters had a dim view of an agenda that the White House once proudly billed “Bidenomics.”

“Industrial policy is a long-term strategy, it takes many years to work,” said Jonas Nahm, a former industrial policy economist in the Biden administration who departed this summer. “It’s not something you can jam down in two years and hope for results.”

川普的勝利顯示了拜登產業政策願景的政治局限性

對國內製造業的長期經濟投資被對租金和雜貨價格的即時焦慮所掩蓋。

事實上，美國的經濟成長部分源自於拜登政府在基礎建設、清潔能源和晶片方面的巨額投資。

然而，這項旨在恢復因全球化力量而失去的製造業就業機會的策略並不足以讓民主黨繼續掌權。儘管清潔能源製造業投資近1兆美元，並為電動車和綠色家居升級分配了近100億美元的稅收抵免，但選民對白宮曾經自豪地稱為「拜登經濟學」的議程持悲觀態度。

「產業政策是一項長期策略，需要很多年才能發揮作用，」今年夏天離職的拜登政府前產業政策經濟學家喬納斯·納姆(Jonas Nahm)表示。 “這不是你可以在兩年內完成並希望得到結果的事情。”