廣告

2010年11月9日 星期二

Alan Mulally

　美國財富雜誌（Fortune）即將於本月18日正式公佈年度企業人士，並在周二率先公佈由讀者票選的2010年度企業人士，結果褔特汽車執行長穆拉利（Alan Mulally）脫穎而出。

　在為期一個多月的激烈票選競爭中，穆拉利甚至擊敗蘋果執行長賈伯斯，成為讀者心目中最佳年度企業經理人。不過，此次讀者票選結果只是整體年度企業人士評選的元素之一，最終名單將於11月18日公佈。

　此次讀者票選為期5週，32位候選人高手如雲，票選採取單淘汱制，穆拉利第一輪即遇到強敵臉書（Facebook）執行長查克柏格（Mark Zuckerberg），但仍一路過關斬將。

　穆拉利在讀者票選最後一關與科技業重量級人物蘋果執行長賈伯斯（Steve Jobs）對決，結果，穆拉利以94％的選票取得壓倒性的勝利，在讀者票選領域贏得年度企業人士寶座。

　2008年褔特大虧146億美元，一度股價下探至歷史新低1.8美元，如今穆拉利帶領褔特走出谷底，股價已經上翻數倍，達16美元。

　2006年，褔特是美國三大車廠中唯一在金融風暴中未經政府紓困的廠商。在今年10月，廣告時代（Ad Age）評選褔特為年度最佳廣告主（Marketer of the Year），因該公司甘冒風險拒絕資產紓困計畫，2007年並且有智慧地任命豐田資深人才法利（James Farley）。同時，褔特亦認為，今年營收較上年度成長17％。

　儘管穆拉利在褔特任內戰功彪炳，此次不單單因為穆拉利領導有方而獲此殊榮，尤其是來自褔特的龐大網友軍團，成功地拉高票數，穆拉利成功地擊垮蘋果粉絲大軍，雖然財富雜誌防止同一個IP網址投票，但表示50％以上點擊流量都是來自Ford.com。

　此外，穆拉利在網路上亦展現高人氣，許多投票人皆至Twitter等網站上讚美穆拉利成功改造褔特。


For the English cricketer, see Alan Mullally.
Alan R. Mulally
Born Alan Roger Mulally
August 4, 1945 (1945-08-04) (age 65)
Oakland, California, USA
Residence Dearborn, Michigan, USA[1]
Citizenship United States
Alma mater University of Kansas,
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Occupation President and CEO of Ford Motor Company
Salary US$1.4 million salary +
US$16.5 million other compensation (2009)[2]
Spouse Jane "Nikki" Connell
Children 5
Parents Charles R. "Dick" Mulally
Lauraine Lizette Clark Mulally[1]

Alan Roger Mulally (born August 4, 1945) is an American engineer and businessman. He is currently the President and Chief Executive Officer of the Ford Motor Company. Ford, which had been struggling during the late-2000s recession, returned to profitability under Mulally and was the only major car manufacturer to avoid government-sponsored bankruptcy.[3]

Mulally was previously executive vice president of Boeing and the CEO of Boeing Commercial Airplanes (BCA). He began his career with Boeing as an engineer in 1969. Mulally was largely credited with BCA's resurgence against Airbus in the mid-2000s.[4]

Contents [hide]

Background

Mulally was born in Oakland, California to Charles R. "Dick" Mulally and Lauraine Lizette Clark, who met at a USO dance.[1][5] Mulally grew up in his mother's hometown of Lawrence, Kansas, where he was a member of Plymouth Congregational Church. He considered Rev. Dale Turner "a mentor and an inspiration."[1][6] He used to sit at the front of the church to study the minister's influence on the congregation. Mulally said that he found himself motivated at the age of 17 by president John F. Kennedy's challenge to send a man to the moon.[7] He has three sons and two daughters by his wife, Jane "Nicki" Connell.[5]

Education

Mulally graduated from the University of Kansas, also his mother's alma mater,[1] in 1969 with Bachelor of Science and Master of Science degrees in aeronautical and astronautical engineering. He is an alumnus of the Kappa Sigma Fraternity and is its 2007 Man of the Year.[8] He received a Master's degree in Management (S.M.) as a Sloan Fellow from the MIT Sloan School of Management in 1982.[9]

Boeing

Mulally led the design team of the first all-digital flight deck in a commercial aircraft, as seen here in the cockpit of the Boeing 767.

Mulally was hired by Boeing immediately out of college in 1969 as an engineer. He held a number of engineering and program management positions, making contributions to the Boeing 727, 737, 747, 757, 767 and 777 projects. He led the cockpit design team on the 757/767 project. Its revolutionary design featured the first all-digital flight deck in a commercial aircraft, the first two man crew for long range aircraft, and a common type rating for pilots on two different aircraft. He worked on the 777 program first as director of engineering and, from September 1992, as vice-president and general manager.[9]

He was later named as Vice President of Engineering for the commercial airplane group. He is known and recognized for elevating Phil Condit's "Working Together"-philosophy through and beyond the 777-program. In 1994, Mulally was promoted to senior vice president of Airplane Development and was in charge of all airplane development activities, flight test operations, certification, and government technical liaison. In 1997, Mulally became the president of the Information, Space & Defense Systems and senior vice president. He held this position until 1998 when he was made president of Boeing Commercial Airplanes, Chief Executive Officer duties were added in 2001.[9]

Following the forced resignations of Phil Condit in 2003 and Harry Stonecipher in 2005, Mulally was considered one of the leading internal candidates for the CEO position.[10] When Mulally was passed over in both instances, questions were raised about whether he would remain with the company.[11]

For Mulally's performance at Boeing, Aviation Week & Space Technology named him as person of the year for 2006.[4]

Ford Motor Company

Mulally (wearing the red tie) with President George W. Bush at the Kansas City Assembly Plant in Claycomo, Missouri on March 20, 2007, touting Ford's new hybrid cars.

"An automobile has about 10,000 moving parts, right? An airplane has two million, and it has to stay up in the air." (on being asked "How are you going to tackle something as complex and unfamiliar as the auto business when we are in such tough financial shape?")

Alan Mulally, 2007[12]

Mulally was named the President and CEO of Ford Motor Company on September 5, 2006, succeeding William Clay Ford, Jr., who remained as Executive Chairman of the company's Board of Directors.[13] Mulally was criticized for calling his Lexus LS430 the 'finest car in the world', just as Ford was about to announce his selection as CEO.[14][15] William Clay Ford Jr. had been searching for his successor as Ford CEO for some time, with DaimlerChrysler's Dieter Zetsche and Carlos Ghosn of Renault/Nissan Motors both turning down the offer.

One of Mulally's first decisions at Ford was to bring back the Taurus nameplate. He said that he could not understand why the company previously scrapped the Taurus, which had been one of the company's best sellers until losing ground in the late 1990s.[16]

Mulally took over "The Way Forward" restructuring plan at Ford to turn-around its massive losses and declining market share.[17] Mulally's cost cutting initiatives led to the company's first profitable quarter in two years.[18] Dividends to shareholders were also suspended.[19]

In 2006, Mulally led the effort for Ford to borrow US$23.6 billion by mortgaging all of Ford's assets. Mulally said that he intended to use the money to finance a major overhaul and provide “a cushion to protect for a recession or other unexpected event." [20] At the time the loan was interpreted as a sign of desperation, but is now widely credited with stabilizing Ford's financial position, compared to crosstown rivals General Motors and Chrysler, both of whom had gone bankrupt during the Automotive industry crisis of 2008–2009. Ford was the only one of the Detroit Three that has not asked for a government loan.[21] While GM and Chrysler expect to be dramatically downsized as a result of bankruptcy, Ford is poised to emerge as the largest US automaker and shows signs of recovery. In May 2009, Ford chairman William Clay Ford, who hired Mulally, said that "Alan was the right choice [to be CEO], and it gets more right every day".[12]

Mulally and Lula da Silva
Mulally and José Sarney
Mulally in Brazil with President Lula da Silva (top) and Senate leader José Sarney (bottom) in April 2010.

In 2007, he presided over the sale of Jaguar Cars and Land Rover to Tata Motors, an Indian car and truck manufacturer. Mulally said he had "no regrets" over the sale, preferring to concentrate on the Ford brand, as then-CEO Jacques Nasser was criticized in 2001 for paying too much attention to new overseas acquisitions while letting the main Ford operations in the US decline. Ford received $2.3 billion USD on the sale, considerably below what they paid for it under Nasser. However, analysts said that Ford would have gotten much less or may not have found a buyer if they tried to sell it later in 2008, as Jaguar Land Rover sales subsequently plummeted due to high oil prices in the summer, causing Tata to request a bailout from the British government.[22] Mulally also sold off Aston Martin and Volvo Cars, and reduced Ford's stake in Mazda.[21]

In 2008, amid mounting losses during an economic downturn, Ford announced a proposal on December 2, 2008 to cut Mulally's salary to $1 per year if government loans were received and used by Ford.[23][24] During hearings for government loans to Ford, he and other industry leaders were criticized for flying to Washington, D.C. in corporate jets. During a subsequent meeting, he traveled from Detroit to Washington by a Ford-built hybrid electric vehicle, while selling all but one of the company's corporate jets.[25]

In 2008, Mulally earned a total compensation of $13,565,378, which included a base salary of $2,000,000, stock awards of $1,849,241, and option awards of $8,669,747. His total compensation decreased by 37.4% compared to 2007.[26]

Due to his achievements at Ford, he was included in the 2009 Time 100 list. The entry, written by Steve Ballmer, says, "[Mulally] understands the fundamentals of business success as well as any business leader I know."[27]

On February 2, 2009, WOOD-TV News in Grand Rapids reported that Mulally personally called Michael Snapper, a customer who recently chose to purchase a Ford Fusion Hybrid over the Toyota Prius that he originally intended to buy. He left a voicemail on Michael's mobile saying a personal thank you from the CEO.[28]

Management style

Everybody says you can't make money off small cars. Well, you'd better damn well figure out how to make money because that's where the world is going.

Alan Mulally, 2008[12]

Mulally negotiated four new agreements with United Auto Workers, which has brought down labor costs from $76/hour to $55/hour.[12]

He lives within three miles of his office at Ford's global headquarters in Dearborn, Michigan, arrives at 5:15 AM every morning, and works for twelve hours. He has a meeting with Ford's executives, called a "Business Plan Review" every Thursday at 8:00 AM in the "Thunderbird Room" at Ford Headquarters.[12] At a "town meeting" of information technology staffers in February 2007, Mulally said, "We have been going out of business for 40 years", Mulally told a group of 100 information technology staffers at a "town meeting" and has repeated this message to employee groups.[29]

References

  1. ^ a b c d e "Obituaries: Lauraine Lizette Clark Mulally 1920 - 2010". Lawrence Journal-World. 2010-08-14. http://www2.ljworld.com/obituaries/2010/aug/14/lauraine-mulally/. Retrieved 2010-09-27.
  2. ^ "Alan R. Mulally profile". Forbes. http://people.forbes.com:80/profile/alan-r-mulally/115574. Retrieved 2010-09-16.
  3. ^ Schepp, David (2010-10-25). "Ford May See Record Third-Quarter Earnings". Daily Finance. http://www.dailyfinance.com/story/ford/ford-may-see-record-third-quarter-earnings/19687719/. Retrieved 2010-10-25.
  4. ^ a b Mecham, Michael; Velocci Jr., Anthony L. (2006-12-31). "Alan R. Mulally is AW&ST's Person of the Year". Aviation Week & Space Technology. http://www.aviationweek.com/avnow/news/channel_awst_story.jsp?id=news/aw010107p1.xml. Retrieved 2008-12-04.
  5. ^ a b "Resume:Alan Mulally". Bloomberg Businessweek. 2001-07-01. http://www.businessweek.com/magazine/content/01_27/b3739180.htm. Retrieved 2006-09-06.
  6. ^ Tu, Janet I. (2006-06-07). "The Rev. Dale Turner dies: "a very gentle guiding hand"". The Seattle Times. http://community.seattletimes.nwsource.com/archive/?date=20060607&slug=daleobit07m. Retrieved 2010-09-27.
  7. ^ "Ford's New Top Gun". Bloomberg Businessweek. 2006-09-18. http://www.businessweek.com/magazine/content/06_38/b4001042.htm. Retrieved 2010-09-27.
  8. ^ "Ford Motor Company President & Chief Executive Officer Selected as Kappa Sigma Fraternity Man of the Year for 2007". Kappa Sigma. August 13, 2007. http://www.kappasigma.org/pdf/Caduceus_Summer_Fall_2008.pdf. Retrieved 2008-12-22.
  9. ^ a b c "Executive Biographies: Alan Mulally". Boeing. 2006-05. Archived from the original on 2006-08-31. http://web.archive.org/web/20060831153720/http://www.boeing.com/companyoffices/aboutus/execprofiles/mulally.html. Retrieved 2006-09-05.
  10. ^ Dominic Gates (March 8, 2005). "With Stonecipher ouster, Boeing faces CEO dilemma". Seattle Times. http://seattletimes.nwsource.com/html/businesstechnology/2002200371_boefuture08.html. Retrieved 2006-09-05.
  11. ^ "Boeing names 3M's McNerney new CEO". Seattle Post-Intelligencer. June 30, 2005. http://seattlepi.nwsource.com/business/230719_boeing30.html. Retrieved 2006-09-05.
  12. ^ a b c d e Taylor III, Alex (2009-05-11). "Fixing up Ford". Fortune. http://money.cnn.com/2009/05/11/news/companies/mulally_ford.fortune/. Retrieved 2010-03-05.
  13. ^ "Ford names new CEO". CNN Money. September 5, 2006. http://money.cnn.com/2006/09/05/news/companies/ford/index.htm. Retrieved 2006-09-05.
  14. ^ What your CEO drives says a lot, USA Today, December 12, 2007. Retrieved on 2008-12-05.
  15. ^ New Ford CEO admits to driving a Lexus LS430, Motor Authority. Retrieved on 2008-12-05.
  16. ^ Ford execs compare Taurus to Homer Simpson, MSNBC, January 29, 2008. Retrieved on 2008-12-04.
  17. ^ Wilson, Amy (2006-10-30). "Way Forward, version 3, is on the way". AutoWeek. http://www.autoweek.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20061031/FREE/61030012/1024. Retrieved 2006-11-09.
  18. ^ Krisher, Tom (2007-08-22). "Ford CEO Mulally Faces New Challenges". The Washington Post. Associated Press. http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/08/22/AR2007082202190.html. Retrieved 2007-08-29.
  19. ^ Ford Family's Cash Faucet Goes Dry Suspension of Dividend Cuts Off a Strong Annuity For Auto Maker's Founders, Wall Street Journal, September 16, 2006. Retrieved on 2008-12-04.
  20. ^ Vlasic, Bill (April 8, 2009). "Choosing Its Own Path, Ford Stayed Independent". The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2009/04/09/business/09ford.html?scp=5&sq=vlasic%20mullally%20debt%20ford&st=cse. Retrieved 2009-11-02.
  21. ^ a b "Ford Focus". Forbes. 2008-12-16. http://www.forbes.com/business/2008/12/15/autos-ford-mulally-biz-manufacturing-cz_jf_1216flint.html. Retrieved 2008-12-22.
  22. ^ Mulally: Ford has no regrets on selling Jaguar, Land Rover, EGM Cartech, October 7, 2008. Retrieved on 2008-12-04.
  23. ^ Isidore, Chris (2008-12-02). "Big Three want more money in bailout". Money. http://money.cnn.com/2008/12/02/news/companies/automakers_plans/. Retrieved 2008-12-05.
  24. ^ Sly, Randy (2008-12-03). "Ford CEO Makes $1 Salary Promise". Catholic Online. http://www.catholic.org/national/national_story.php?id=30837. Retrieved 2009-09-16.
  25. ^ Ford's PR campaign: CEO Alan Mulally drives to hearings (no corporate jet), promises $1 salary, New York Daily News, December 2, 2008. Retrieved on 2008-12-04.
  26. ^ "Alan Mulally's Compensation in 2008". The Globe Opinion. http://www.theglobeopinion.com/compensation/alan-mulally. Retrieved 2009-04-12.
  27. ^ Ballmer, Steve (2009-04-30). "The 2009 Time 100: Alan Mulally". Time. http://www.time.com/time/specials/packages/article/0,28804,1894410_1893837_1894182,00.html. Retrieved 2009-08-06.
  28. ^ Geha, Suzanne (2009-02-02). "Ford CEO personally thanks GR buyer". WOOD-TV. http://www.woodtv.com/dpp/news/Ford_CEO_personally_thanks_GR_buyer. Retrieved 2009-02-02.
  29. ^ Kiley, David (2007-06-04). "The New Heat On Ford". Bloomberg Businessweek. http://www.businessweek.com/magazine/content/07_23/b4037036.htm. Retrieved 2010-03-05.

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