人間煉獄：疫情、戰爭、窮困 (347期 2023.9.12) ：美國 FDA批准新的新冠疫苗

 

September 11, 2023

BREAKING NEWS

Mark J. Terrill/Associated Press

F.D.A. Approves New Covid Shots

The C.D.C. will meet Tuesday to consider guidelines on the vaccine campaign for the fall and winter season, when infections usually tick upward.FDA批准新的新冠疫苗

美國疾病控制與預防中心 (CDC)將於週二開會，考慮秋季和冬季疫苗接種活動的指導方針，而秋季和冬季感染率通常會上升。

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...As the first vaccine’s potency waned with newer Omicron variants, a bivalent booster was approved in August 2022 that targeted the initial virus and BA.5, which was dominant at the time. That shot led to fewer people with Covid being hospitalized, dropping over several months to 25 percent from 60 percent.

隨著第一種疫苗的效力隨著新的 Omicron 變體而減弱，一種二價加強疫苗於 2022 年 8 月獲得批准，針對最初的病毒和當時占主導地位的 BA.5。那次注射導致住院的新冠肺炎患者人數減少，幾個月內住院人數從 60% 下降至 25%。

The latest mRNA vaccines by Pfizer and Moderna is called a monovalent because it was aimed at one variant of Omicron, XBB.1.5., and unlike earlier boosters does not include protection against the original virus that caused widespread infections in China more than three years ago. But experts and researchers say that it should provide protection against many of Omicron’s variants.

輝瑞和Moderna 最新的mRNA 疫苗被稱為單價疫苗，因為它針對的是Omicron 的一種變種XBB.1.5。與早期的加強疫苗不同，它不包括針對三年多前在中國引起廣泛感染的原始病毒的保護作用。但專家和研究人員表示，它應該可以針對 Omicron 的許多變體提供保護。

John Moore, a professor of virology and immunology at Weill Cornell Medicine, said he was not impressed with the latest results. He said the new shot showed an immune response similar to last fall’s booster. That means that although the new shot will be worth getting, “it’s nothing remotely like a game changer.” Federal officials would also need to consider whether to recommend the shot to healthy young Americans, said Dr. Walid Gellad, a drug safety expert at the University of Pittsburgh.

威爾康奈爾醫學院病毒學和免疫學教授約翰·摩爾表示，他對最新結果並不滿意。他說，新疫苗顯示出與去年秋天的加強劑類似的免疫反應。這意味著儘管新值得購買，但“它根本不像遊戲規則的改變者。”匹茲堡大學藥物安全專家瓦利德·蓋拉德博士說，聯邦官員還需要考慮是否向健康的美國年輕人推薦注射疫苗。

Regulators are also considering whether to authorize a booster dose from Novavax, which employs a different but widely used technology for its coronavirus vaccine. That shot could be authorized in the coming weeks, giving some Americans who may prefer Novavax’s formulation as an alternative to the vaccines offered by Moderna and Pfizer-BioNTech.

監管機構還在考慮是否授權 Novavax 提供加強劑量，該公司的冠狀病毒疫苗採用了不同但廣泛使用的技術。這種疫苗可能會在未來幾週內獲得批准，讓一些可能更喜歡 Novavax 配方的美國人作為 Moderna 和輝瑞 BioNTech 提供的疫苗的替代品。

Covid-19 Health Guidance

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• Covid Tests: At-home tests are a critical tool to keep yourself and others safe. Here are answers to a few common questions.

• Masks: Is it time to wear a mask again? Experts offer a refresher on where, when and how to use them.

• Boosters: A new formulation of the Covid vaccine is coming this fall, and there are two main reasons to wait for it.

• Fall Vaccines: This year, Americans will be asked to roll up their sleeves not just for Covid shots, but for new inoculations against the flu and R.S.V. Here’s what to know.

• Heart Health: Can Covid damage your heart? Here’s a look at the short- and long-term risks.

• Lung Damage: We analyzed hundreds of millions of data points from Covid patients’ scans to reconstruct their lungs in 3-D. This is the resulting visualization.