華為手機長期技術自主的兩大罩門：作業系統與晶片組；美國出口禁令讓華為海思面臨長期風險

美國出口禁令讓華為海思面臨長期風險

中國電信巨頭華為花費了15年時間和巨額資金來打造一家先進的半導體企業，目標是實現晶片的自給自足，但美國的一份黑名單將使華為在實現這一目標方面倒退好幾年。 華為的數據中心、智慧型手機、乃至用於即將推出的5G無線網絡的基站，都使用華為旗下晶片子公司海思半導體的處理器。海思為華為提供的晶片數量超過了其他任何一家公司，從而降低了華為對高通、英特爾和英偉達等美國晶片巨頭的依賴，並且有助於削弱美國晶片廠商的主導地位。不過，美國商務部將包括海思半導體在內的數十家華為關聯公司都列入了一份出口黑名單，禁止任何公司未經許可向這份黑名單中的企業提供美國技術。獲得這樣的許可並非易事。 海思半導體設計和生產半導體要依賴一些供應商為其提供美國的軟體和知識產權，因此該公司持續生產更優質晶片的能力面臨風險。雖然業內人士稱出口禁令的短期影響將微乎其微，但從中長期來看，隨著技術的演進，禁令有可能阻礙海思半導體的發展。 半導體已成為美中科技戰的一個瓶頸。中國需要美國的半導體技術，美國晶片生產商則依賴中國買家。海思半導體所面臨的威脅表明，中國科技行業距離建立自給自足的供應鏈還有一段路要走。

Nikkei Asian Review

3 小時 · 

Microsoft's Windows Phone, Nokia's Symbian system and BlackBerry OS failed to take off. Can Huawei achieve enough users to build an ecosystem?

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A Huawei-made operating system: How feasible is it?

..."I have no doubt the Huawei OS will be a success in China. The overseas market? Not so sure," Tian said.

Even if Huawei overcomes the above challenges, there is still one long-term concern looming over its operating system: the underlying chipset.

The chip design architecture of Arm, the semiconductor company owned by Japan's SoftBank Group, underlies 90% of the world's mobile processors, including those used by Huawei. Last week, however, Arm said it is complying with the latest U.S. restrictions against Huawei.

....According to Wu Hequan, an academic at the Chinese Academy of Engineering, Huawei has perpetually licensed the ARM v8 technology and can manufacture and update chipsets based on the existing v8 technology if necessary, without help from ARM.

Tian said chipsets will not present a problem right away. "The chipset issue is a more difficult problem to solve than the operating system. But it won't affect Huawei's operating system in the short to medium term."